List: out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Readings no longer used in modern Japanese.
obsolete reading ateji rarely used kanji form historical term usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- Persia
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic) sumo
- bar, bolt (e.g. on door), latch
- double-arm lock
- (rope) cinching
obsolete reading な adjective adjective (generic) adverb archaic noun noun (generic)
- madly in love, completely charmed (by), head over heels (for)
- from the heart, entirely, completely
- bottom of one's heart
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) transitive verb
- to have a taste for, to be fond of, to enjoy (in moderation), to have an interest in (e.g. a hobby)
- to be modest, to be prudent, to watch (e.g. one's behaviour)
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- bounds, limits
- boundary fence (esp. of horse-riding ground)
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- male horse
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun (suffix) noun (generic)
- covered with, stained, smeared
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- food, provisions
- nourishment (mental, spiritual, etc.), sustenance (e.g. of one's life), source of encouragement
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- diameter
obsolete reading poetical term noun noun (generic)
- marks in a water channel, channel buoys