List: out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Readings no longer used in modern Japanese.
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- whelk (esp. Neptunea and Buccinum spp.)
- small spiral-shelled snail (esp. a pond snail)
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- Sargassum fulvellum (species of edible brown alga)
obsolete reading godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to bow (of one's back, e.g. due to age), to bend
obsolete reading noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ
- deception, defrauding someone, fooling someone, swindling, false pretences
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- country dweller
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- young striped mullet
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- stump
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- local warriors, or provincial or district officials, who developed paddy field lands
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- prison
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- ordinary person, untitled individual