List: out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Readings no longer used in modern Japanese.
popular obsolete reading noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb する intransitive verb dated term
- bid rigging, collusion (on contract bidding), (illegal) price-fixing agreement
- consultation, discussion, conference
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb する transitive verb intransitive verb
- fear, dread, dismay, terror, horror, scare, panic
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic)
- language
popular obsolete reading JLPT N1 noun noun (generic)
- country, territory, domain, realm
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb する transitive verb
- left and right, right and left
- (asserting) control, influence, domination
- one's attendants, people accompanying one
- (serving at someone's) side
- equivocation
popular obsolete reading JLPT N4 noun noun (generic)
- finger, toe, digit
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) noun (suffix) な adjective adjective (generic)
- order, turn, sorting
- obedient, docile, submissive, meek
popular obsolete reading JLPT N3 noun noun (generic) historical term
- cloth, fabric, material, textile
- bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
popular obsolete reading JLPT N2 noun noun (generic)
- father and mother, parents
popular obsolete reading JLPT N1 noun noun (generic)
- arrow
- wedge, chock