List: formal or literary term
popular formal or literary term copula godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic)
- be, is
popular particle honorific language formal or literary term conjunction archaic
- at, in, on
- to, toward, into, for
- to, for, in order to
- because of, for, with, by, due to
- marks the target of an action, marks the recipient of an action
- marks the outcome of a change, marks the result of an action
- as (i.e. in the role of; e.g. as a teacher, as a gift), for (as in "in return for"), on (i.e. on the occasion of), from (e.g. the perspective of)
- by, from
- per, in, for, a (as in "once a month")
- with, to
- concerning, regarding, on (as in "knowledgeable on"), in, for (as in "suitable for"), as for, about
- indicates manner of action, indicates a state
- by, with, using, via
- marks the item of a decision, marks the thing being decided on
- forms a honorific verb
- indicates that an action is happening intensively, emphaticizes an action
- and, in addition to
- I did ..., but, while it is true that ..., though there may be ...
- indicates respect toward the subject of the sentence
- at, in
- I can't ..., even if I wanted to
- although there should be ..., even though one would expect ...
- when, if, on (e.g. reflection)
- although, despite, even though, and yet
- because, as, since, so
popular formal or literary term expression godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic)
- to become, to be
popular formal or literary term particle conjunction
- at, in
- at, when
- by, with
- and then, so
JLPT N1 formal or literary term ใ adjective adjective (generic)
- difficult, hard
irregular kanji usage formal or literary term expression
- with this (as a reason, excuse, impetus, starting point, etc.), taking this as an opportunity, as a result (of this), as a consequence, from this point forward
formal or literary term noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ intransitive verb
- flattery, adulation
formal or literary term noun noun (generic)
- sorrow, sadness, grief
formal or literary term noun (suffix) noun (generic)
- after, ... and later
- before, prior to
formal or literary term noun noun (generic)
- one discussion, one meeting, one conference
- objection