反故にする

Different conjugations of the verb in both plain form and keigo (polite)

Verb conjugations

Each form has a small speaker icon next to it — click it to hear the pronunciation read aloud.

Plain form vs keigo

Plain form is the basic form of a verb or adjective in Japanese. It's called "plain" because it's the simplest and most straightforward form, without any added politeness or formality. Plain form is used in informal situations, such as talking to friends, family, or people of lower status.

Keigo, on the other hand, is a set of honorific language expressions used to show respect, politeness, and formality in Japanese.

In general, plain form is used in informal situations and keigo is used in formal situations. However, it's important to note that there are different levels of keigo depending on the level of formality and the relationship between the speaker and listener. For example, the keigo used with a superior in a workplace setting might be different from the keigo used with a customer or client.

It's also worth noting that keigo can be difficult to master, even for native Japanese speakers. There are many different honorific expressions and rules for using them correctly, so it's important to study and practice them carefully in order to use them effectively.

Not every form above has a distinct keigo equivalent: the conditional, provisional conditional, causative, and potential forms aren't typically expressed differently in polite speech, so only forms with their own recognized keigo pattern are shown in the Keigo column.

Sentences from the Tatoeba Corpus project using the word in context.

The Japanese sentence, the sentence analysis, and the English translation are always included. Using the sentence analysis is possible to learn how the sentence is constructed and every single word can be examined one by one.

In some cases translation to other languages can also be included. The quality of the translations may vary, and it's included for reference only.

It's also possible to hear a computer generated transcription of the Japanese sentence by clicking the speaker icon

Warning about the quality of the sentences

All the sentences are imported from the Tatoeba project, a collaborative database of sentences and translations maintained by thousands of members. Also, most of the Japanese sentences were imported from the Tanaka Corpus. These were created by students as part of a project and in some cases they were not supervised by a teacher. That's the reason why the quality of the sentences may be inconsistent, and they may not sound natural sometimes.

Although there are many good examples too, as a general rule, as a general guide don't trust too much in the quality of the sentence.

If you have enough knowledge and want to improve the quality of an example, I encourage you to click on the open in tatoeba link and register to Tatoeba to update it.