List: out-dated or obsolete kana usage
Readings no longer used in modern Japanese.
obsolete reading JLPT N1 usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- spots, speckles, mottles
obsolete reading Ichidan verb verb (generic) transitive verb
- to bend, to curve, to warp, to distort, to disfigure
- to bend (the truth), to falsify, to twist
- to corrupt, to sully
obsolete reading rarely used kanji form search-only kanji form noun noun (generic)
- fetters, shackles, hobbles, encumbrance, hindrance, burden, trap
gikun or jukujikun obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- Japanese halfbeak (Hemiramphus sajori), stickleback
obsolete reading search-only kanji form noun noun (generic)
- great-grandchild
obsolete reading rarely used kanji form noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ăă intransitive verb Buddhism
- seclusion from the world
- monastic seclusion
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- loach (any fish of family Cobitidae)
- weather loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), pond loach
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- duplicity, treachery, double-dealing
gikun or jukujikun obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- mole (Talpidae spp., esp. the small Japanese mole, Mogera imaizumii)
obsolete reading JLPT N2 godan verb godan verb (archaic) verb (generic) intransitive verb
- to dive (into or under water)
- to get under, to get into, to get in, to creep into, to crawl under, to bury oneself, to burrow into, to dig oneself into, to snuggle under
- to hide oneself (esp. from the government), to conceal oneself, to go underground