popular  particle  archaic  copula  auxiliary verb  verb (generic)  irregular ru verb 

• -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going")
• doing such things as...
• expresses a command
• to be
• indicates completion or continuation of an action

usually written using kana alone  archaic  auxiliary verb  verb (generic)  irregular ru verb  copula  noun  noun (generic)  suffix 

• to be
• to be (at a location)
• sum of money

usually written using kana alone  interjection  archaic  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• yes, yea, aye, affirmative
• to be so

usually written using kana alone  noun taking the genitive case particle の  adjective (generic)  noun  noun (generic)  colloquial  な adjective  irregular ru verb  intransitive verb 

• existing (at the present moment)
• alright, acceptable, passable
• to be (usu. of inanimate objects), to have

archaic  auxiliary verb  verb (generic)  irregular ru verb 

• not

obsolete reading  archaic  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb  polite language  humble language  suffix 

• to wait upon, to serve
• to be
• to humbly do ...

archaic  honorific language  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to be

archaic  honorific language  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to be

archaic  honorific language  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to be

archaic  honorific language  irregular ru verb  verb (generic)  intransitive verb 

• to be