obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- whip, lash, scourge
- stick, cane, rod, pointer
obsolete reading usually written using kana alone noun noun (generic)
- kaya (Torreya nucifera), Japanese nutmeg tree
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- boiling in an iron pot
- boiling to death (punishment during the Warring States period)
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- (token amount of) consolation money
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- doburoku (unrefined sake)
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- sacred wine, sacred sake, sake offered to the gods
obsolete reading historical term noun noun (generic) archaic
- Chinese goods, imported goods
- secondhand goods, old furniture
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- night soil
- muck, filth, dirt
obsolete reading noun noun (generic) noun or participle taking the aux. verb ใใ
- seal of blood, sealing with one's blood
obsolete reading noun noun (generic)
- ancient practices, old customs