colloquial  auxiliary 

• go ahead and try, why don't you give it a go?

adverb  expression  Kansai-ben  auxiliary 

• without (doing), instead of
• if (it) isn't done, if (one) doesn't do ...
• if not ..., unless ...
• have to ..., must ...

rarely used kanji form  usually written using kana alone  dated term  expression  auxiliary 

• let there be ..., may it be ...
• please do ...

archaic  auxiliary  'shiku' adjective (archaic)  adjective (generic) 

• cannot, should not, will not, must not

abbreviation  archaic  auxiliary 

• to be

usually written using kana alone  noun  noun (generic)  jocular, humorous term  auxiliary 

• chonmage, topknot hairstyle worn by men in the Edo period
• please do (for me)

popular  rarely used kanji form  usually written using kana alone  auxiliary 

• should, must, ought to

archaic  polite language  auxiliary 

• to be
• to do

rarely used kanji form  formal or literary term  usually written using kana alone  auxiliary  'ku' adjective (archaic)  adjective (generic)  auxiliary adjective 

• must, should, ought to
• will (surely), be bound to, must
• will (do), shall

usually written using kana alone  expression  auxiliary  abbreviation 

• if (it) doesn't exist, if there is no ..., if (one) doesn't have ...
• if not ..., unless ...
• have to ..., must ...